PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

This tense is used to express an action beginning in the past, but the action still related in the mind of speaker with the moment of speaking.

Examples :

- I have done my home work

- He has visited his parents

- They have been tired

THE FRAME

A. NOMINAL

( + )  S + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + COMP

        I  + have + been + thirsty

      He + has + been + there

( - )   S + HAVE / HAS + NOT + BEEN + COMP

         I  + have + not + been + thirsty

        He + has + not + been + there

( ? )  HAVE / HAS + S + BEEN + COMP

        Have + I + been + thirsty

        Has + he + been + there

B. VERBAL

( + )      S + HAVE / HAS + V3 + OBJ / COMP

        She + has + collected + data

        You + have + drunk + beer

( - )     S + HAVE / HAS + NOT + V3 + OBJ / COMP

       She + has + not + collected + data

       You + have + not + drunk + beer

( ? )  HAVE / HAS + S + V3 + OBJ / COMP

        Has + she + collected + data

        Have + you + drunk + beer