PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
This tense is used to express an action beginning in the past, but the action still related in the mind of speaker with the moment of speaking.
Examples :
- I have done my home work
- He has visited his parents
- They have been tired
THE FRAME
A. NOMINAL
( + ) S + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + COMP
I + have + been + thirsty
He + has + been + there
( - ) S + HAVE / HAS + NOT + BEEN + COMP
I + have + not + been + thirsty
He + has + not + been + there
( ? ) HAVE / HAS + S + BEEN + COMP
Have + I + been + thirsty
Has + he + been + there
B. VERBAL
( + ) S + HAVE / HAS + V3 + OBJ / COMP
She + has + collected + data
You + have + drunk + beer
( - ) S + HAVE / HAS + NOT + V3 + OBJ / COMP
She + has + not + collected + data
You + have + not + drunk + beer
( ? ) HAVE / HAS + S + V3 + OBJ / COMP
Has + she + collected + data
Have + you + drunk + beer
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